Plumbing Arithmetic

To convert 1800 degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C), we can use the formula:

C = (F – 32) x 5/9

where C is the temperature in degrees Celsius and F is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Step 1: Write down the given temperature The given temperature is 1800 degrees Fahrenheit.

Step 2: Substitute the given temperature into the formula C = (1800 – 32) x 5/9

Step 3: Simplify the expression C = (1768) x 5/9 C = 982.22 degrees Celsius

Therefore, a temperature of 1800 degrees Fahrenheit is approximately equal to 982.22 degrees Celsius.

The heat of fusion of water is 144 BTU/lb. This means that to change one pound of ice to liquid water, 144 BTUs of energy are required.

Similarly, if one pound of liquid water is frozen to ice, 144 BTUs of energy must be removed from the water to change its state.

To determine the number of 6 meters long PVC pipes needed for a water supply system that is 54 meters away, we need to divide the total distance by the length of each pipe.

Step 1: Identify the given information Given that the total distance is 54 meters, the length of each PVC pipe is 6 meters, and the diameter of the PVC pipe is 100mm.

Step 2: Convert the diameter to meters To make the calculations easier, we need to convert the diameter from millimeters to meters. We can do this by dividing the diameter by 1000.

Diameter = 100mm ÷ 1000 Diameter = 0.1 meters

Step 3: Calculate the number of pipes needed To determine the number of pipes needed, we divide the total distance by the length of each pipe.

Number of pipes = Total distance ÷ Length of each pipe Number of pipes = 54 meters ÷ 6 meters Number of pipes = 9 pipes

Therefore, we need to use 9 pipes of 6 meters length each for the water supply system that is 54 meters away.

Step 1: Identify the dimensions of the reservoir Given that the length (L) of the reservoir is 4m, the width (W) is 2m, and the height (H) is 3m.

Step 2: Calculate the maximum volume The maximum volume of water that can be accommodated in the reservoir can be calculated using the formula:

Volume = length x width x height

Substituting the given values, we get:

Volume = 4m x 2m x 3m Volume = 24 cubic meters

Volume = 24 cubic meters x 1000 liters/cubic meter Volume = 24000 liters

Given:

• Length of drainage pipe = 1000 ft
• Slope of the pipe = 2%

To find:

• Total drop of the lower end of the pipe

Step 1: Convert the slope percentage to a decimal

• Slope percentage = 2%
• Slope decimal = 2/100 = 0.02

Step 2: Calculate the vertical drop of the pipe

• Vertical drop = Length of pipe * Slope decimal
• Vertical drop = 1000 ft * 0.02
• Vertical drop = 20 ft

Therefore, the total drop of the lower end of the pipe is 20 ft.

Given:

• Flow rate = 10,000 gallons/hour
• Height = 90 ft
• Weight of water = 8.5 lbs/gallon

To find: Horsepower required

Step 1: Convert flow rate to pounds per hour

• 1 gallon of water weighs 8.5 pounds
• 10,000 gallons/hour x 8.5 pounds/gallon = 85,000 pounds/hour

Step 2: Calculate the work done (in foot-pounds per hour)

• Work done = weight of water x height lifted
• Work done = 85,000 pounds/hour x 90 ft = 7,650,000 foot-pounds/hour

Step 3: Convert foot-pounds per hour to horsepower

• 1 horsepower = 550 foot-pounds per second
• 1 hour = 3600 seconds
• 1 horsepower = 550 x 3600 = 1,980,000 foot-pounds/hour
• Horsepower required = Work done / 1 horsepower
• Horsepower required = 7,650,000 foot-pounds/hour / 1,980,000 foot-pounds/hour
• Horsepower required = 3.86 horsepower (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the number of horsepower required to lift 10,000 gallons of water per hour to a height of 90 ft, with the weight of water assumed to be 8.5 lbs per gallon, is approximately 3.86 horsepower.

Solution:

Step 1: Find the radius of the pipe by dividing the inside diameter by 2.

Radius = Inside diameter / 2

Radius = 14 inches / 2

Radius = 7 inches

Step 2: Find the area of the cross section of the pipe by subtracting the area of the inside circle from the area of the outside circle.

Area of cross section = πr2outer – πr2inner

Area of cross section = π(17^2/4) – π(14^2/4)

Area of cross section = π(289/4) – π(196/4)

Step 3: Simplify the equation by using the value of π as 3.14.

Area of cross section = 3.14(72.25 – 49)

Area of cross section = 3.14(23.25)

Area of cross section = 73.005

NOTE: 73.04 in other materials.

SOLUTION:

Step 1: Determine the slope per foot by dividing the total fall by the total length in feet.

Slope per foot = Total fall / Total length

Step 2: Convert the units to make the calculation easier. 24 inches can be converted to 2 feet.

Slope per foot = (2 feet / 120 feet)

Step 3: Simplify the equation by canceling out the common factor of 2.

Slope per foot = 0.01667 or 0.02

To find the sales tax, we need to multiply the cost of the plumbing tools by the tax rate of 8%:

Tax = 0.08 x 2100 = 168

So the tax on the plumbing tools is 168.

To find the total amount paid, we need to add the cost of the tools to the tax amount:

Total = 2100 168 = 2268

Therefore, the man paid 2268 for the plumbing tools, including sales tax.

To find the weight of one cubic inch of water, we need to first convert the weight of one cubic foot of water to cubic inches. Since there are 12 inches in a foot, we can find the number of cubic inches in one cubic foot by multiplying 12 x 12 x 12 = 1,728 cubic inches.

Next, we can find the weight of one cubic inch of water by dividing the weight of one cubic foot of water (62.5 lbs) by the number of cubic inches in one cubic foot (1,728 cubic inches):

Weight of one cubic inch of water = 62.5 lbs / 1,728 cubic inches Weight of one cubic inch of water = 0.036 lbs (rounded to three decimal places)

Therefore, the weight of one cubic inch of water is approximately 0.036 lbs.